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Female circumcision is among the primordial human nature that was ordered by Allah on us. It's authenticity can be gotten from what was brought by Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) in his saying “I heard the prophet of Allah (May the peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) say: five things are part of pure human nature. Circumcision, removing the pubic hair, trimming of moustache, cutting the nails, plucking the armpits”. (Bukhari-5891), (Muslim-257).
It is clear from his hadith that circumcision is one of the inborn human nature. In fact, It is the most important of them all. For this reason, it was mentioned first before its other four members. There is no difference between the circumcision of a male and female. However, it is painful that much arguments, complains and queries about female circumcision now exist. As a result of these challenges, our discussion would focus on female circumcision from the perspective of the Shariah law and Medicine. The explanation with regards this is as follows;
First Point: Definition of Female circumcision
In accordance with the Islamic perspective, female circumcision means the partial removal of the external genitalia (i.e. Clitoris).
Second Point: The law of female circumcision in Islam
Circumcision of female has its evidence in the words of the Qur'an, the sunnah, the consensus of he scholars, the sayings of the predecessors and common sense. Its evidence from the Qur'an is the saying of Allah the most high: Do good that you may be successful (Qur'an 22verse 77). The point of evidence in this verse as explained by Sheik AbulAshbalAzuhayri is that Qur'an brought for us general principles. For instance, since we know that circumcision is full of goodness to males and females and it reduces sexual feeling or urges which could lead to fornication, then this verse is enough as an evidence.
Evidence from sunnah is the hadith of Abu Hurairah (ma Allah be pleased wih him) as mentioned earlier that five things are part of pure human nature; Circumcision, ……… till the end of the hadith. Sheikh AbulAshbalAzuhayri said Imam Alkhatabi learned a quote of many scholars: what we understand by pure human nature is that it is sunnah and part of the religion (KhitanulInds: page 7). Another evidence from the sunnah is the hadith of Aisha (ma Allah be pleased with her), she said: if the two circumcised parts meet, a spiritual bath becomes compulsory. I and he prophet (may the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him)did that and we had a bath. In another chain of narration, Aisha (RAA) said the prophet (SAW) said : if the two circumcised parts meet, spiritual bath becomes compulsory (SunanunTirmidhi, Hadith 109). This hadith is an evidence that female were circumcised during the time of the prophet (may the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him).
From the consensus of the scholars we are informed that they agreed that female circumcision is in line with the religion. Their agreement is based on the hadiths that were mentioned earlier in this discussion and some evidence similar to it. Imam IbnHubairahAshaybani said scholars came to a conclusion that male and female circumcision is part of the religion (Daleeluijma fi khitamilinas: page 6).
The saying of the predecessors is gotten from UmmulMuhajir who said: I and my slave were taken captive from Rome, Uthman bin Affan advised us to accept Islam but no one did except I and another. So, Uthman said: “cut them partially then purify (i.e. wash) it (the area)-Bukhari; AdabulMufrod). Imam Tirmidhi said that scholars have a positive opinion about circumcision, right from the companion of the prophet (may the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) like the four caliphs and the mother of the believers, Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) and the scholars of fiqh from the early generations and those after them such SufyanAthawri, Imam Shafi', Ahmad and Ishaq (Sunanutirmidhi page 190). The evidence of common sense that agree with circumcision is the cutting of the hands of a thief which is done as an act of worship. Also, the removal of a part of the genitalia, a part that cannot be returned is seen as an act of worship.
The wisdom behind Circumcision and its benefits
1. The female circumcision is part of an act of worship.
2. It is a favour for women and loved by spouse as it is reported by UmmuAtiyya that the Ansari woman used to circumcised in the city of Medinah so the prophet (S.A.W) recommended her by saying whenever you circumcise do not overstrain as it is dignity to the woman and lovable to the spouse (It is regarded as a sound hadith by Albani in the chains of sound hadiths).
3. Among the benefits of circumcision of female is the regulation of women sexual appetite or eroticism. This is due to the fact that when the root of circumcision part it weakens the sexual appetite of women to the extent that she hates intercourse and this depreciates her dignity to her husband and in the other sense, if this part is left untrimmed i.e. nothing is taking out of it, her libido increases, so she becomes unsatisfied from intercourse. Then she inclines to prostitution. Taking a portion of it helps to regulate sexual urge and nature.
4. Female circumcision and medicine: Many doctors testified accept that there are benefits of circumcision especially female circumcision. For instance, Doctor AmadKhufalis supports this by saying “any doctor who calls to the banning of this noble tradition is calling to immorality not to the honour and protection towards the right of females.
Mentioning some of the benefits of female circumcision, Dr Haamid Al-Ghawaabi says: the secretions of the labia minora accumulate in uncircumcised women and turn rancid, so they develop an unpleasant odour which may lead to infections of the vagina or urethra. I have seen many cases of sickness caused by the lack of circumcision. Circumcision prevents stimulation of the clitoris which makes it grow large in such a way that it causes pain.
It also reduces excessive sensitivity of the clitoris and excessive sexual desire. Furthermore, Dr Al-Ghawaabi refutes those who claim that female circumcision leads to frigidity by nothing. Frigidity has many causes and this claim is not based on any sound statistics comparing circumcised women with uncircumcised women, except in the case of Pharaonic circumcision which is where the clitoris is excised completely. This does in fact lead to frigidity but it is contrary to the kind of circumcision enjoined by the prophet of mercy (peace and benediction of Allah be upon him) when he said: “Do not destroy” i.e., do not uproot / excise. This alone is evidence that speaks for itself because medicine at that time knew very little about this sensitive organ (the clitoris) and its nerves.
With regards to the type of female circumcision which involved removal of the prepuce of the clitoris, which is similar to male circumcision, no harmful health effect have been noted.
And Allah knows best.
- Islam Question and Answer,
General Supervision: Shaykh Muhammad Saalih al-Munajid.
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